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Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disease that affects blood sugar levels.It is a condition in which the body cannot properly regulate glucose levels, leading to many serious health problems.In this article, we will discuss what diabetes is, its different types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, complications, and the importance of proper nutrition for people with diabetes.
What is diabetes?what kind of illness is that?
Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by impaired metabolism of sugars, mainly glucose, in the body.Glucose is the primary source of energy for cells, and its level in the blood is tightly regulated by a hormone called insulin.In diabetes, there is an abnormality in the production or action of insulin, which leads to an increase in blood glucose levels.
Types of diabetes
There are three main types of diabetes:
Type 1 diabetes:This is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system destroys the beta cells of the pancreas, responsible for the production of insulin.People with type 1 diabetes need to administer insulin regularly.
Type 2 diabetes:This is the most common type of diabetes and is related to insulin resistance, which is the body’s problem in using insulin.In the early stages of type 2 diabetes, you can control your blood sugar levels with diet and exercise.
Gestational diabetes:Develops in some women during pregnancy and may disappear after delivery, but also increases the risk of type 2 diabetes in the future.
Causes of diabetes
The causes of diabetes may vary depending on the type of disease:
Causes of type 1 diabetes:The exact causes are unclear, but it is thought that genetic and environmental factors may play a role in its development.
Causes of type 2 diabetes:The most important risk factors include obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, genetics and age.
Causes of gestational diabetes:Although the exact cause is unknown, there are risk factors such as obesity and genetic predisposition.
Diabetes – first symptoms
The initial symptoms of diabetes can be easily missed, but it’s important to be aware of the signs.Common symptoms of diabetes include:
– Excessive thirst
– Increased urination
– Increased appetite
– Weight loss
– Tiredness
– Vision problems
– Slow healing wounds
Skin changes in diabetes
Diabetes can lead to various skin changes, such as:
– Dry and itchy skin
– Skin infections such as ringworm
– Darker spots on the skin, called acanthosis nigricans
– Rash
– Blisters and sores, especially on the feet
Diagnosis of diabetes
Diagnosis of diabetes is based on laboratory tests that measure blood glucose levels.The most important test is measuring fasting sugar levels.Additionally, your doctor may order tests such as the hemoglobin A1c test, which can assess your blood sugar control over the past few months.
Treatment of diabetes
Treatment of diabetes depends on its type.People with type 1 diabetes need to take insulin regularly, while people with type 2 diabetes can control their blood sugar levels with diet, physical activity and possibly medication.In gestational diabetes, diet also plays an important role in controlling glucose levels.
Complications in diabetes
Untreated or poorly controlled diabetes can lead to many complications, including:
– Heart and blood vessel diseases
– Renal failure
– Visual disturbances, including loss of vision
– Neuropathy, i.e. nerve damage
– Foot ulcers and infections, especially in people with type 2 diabetes
Nutrition in diabetes
Nutrition plays a key role in managing diabetes.People with diabetes should maintain a balanced diet, limiting the consumption of simple sugars and saturated fats.It is also advisable to regularly monitor your blood sugar level and adjust your diet accordingly.
Your suggestions
If you have diabetes or are at risk of developing it, it is important to consult your doctor regularly and follow treatment and diet recommendations.Take care of your health because proper blood sugar control can prevent many diabetes-related complications.
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