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Congenital heart defects are one of the most common congenital malformations in humans. They constitute a serious health problem that may require comprehensive treatment. In this article, we will look at this issue in detail, discussing what heart defects are, their types, symptoms in adults, causes, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
What is a heart defect? what are its types?
Congenital heart defects are structural defects in the structure of the heart or blood vessels that are present from birth. They can be of different types and affect different parts of the heart. The most common heart defects include:
- Atrial septal defects
- Defects of the interventricular septum
- Heart valve disorders
- Defects of large blood vessels
- Complex defects such as tetralogy of Fallot
Symptoms of congenital heart defects in adults – what to look out for?
Not all heart defects manifest themselves in childhood. Many people can live with congenital heart disease for many years before symptoms appear. These symptoms may be diverse and depend on the type of defect and its severity. They may include:
- Breathing problems
- Pain in the chest
- Tiredness
- Fainting
- Excessive sweating
- Swelling of the limbs
Congenital heart defects – causes
The causes of congenital heart defects can be various. They are often the result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some risk factors, such as smoking or taking certain medications during pregnancy, may also influence the development of heart defects.
Congenital heart defects – diagnosis and prognosis
Diagnosis of congenital heart defects is important to start treatment as soon as possible. For this purpose, various tests are used, such as echocardiography, electrocardiography (ECG), as well as imaging tests such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The prognosis depends on the type of defect, its severity and the time at which it was diagnosed.
Congenital heart defects – treatment
Treatment of congenital heart defects can be both pharmacological and surgical. Depending on the type of defect and its severity, cardiac surgery may be necessary to improve the structure of the heart or blood vessels. In some cases, medications are necessary to help control symptoms and improve the patient’s quality of life.
Your suggestions
If you have a congenital heart defect or are concerned that someone in your family may have it, it is important to consult a specialist cardiologist regularly. Following medical recommendations and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can significantly improve the quality of life of people with heart defects.
Recommended articles
If you want to learn more about congenital heart defects and their treatment, we recommend reading the following articles:
- “Heart defects in children – what are the most common problems and how to care for them?”
- “The importance of a healthy lifestyle in the treatment of congenital heart defects”
- “Advances in cardiac surgery – new methods of treating heart defects”
It is important to be well informed about congenital heart defects to be able to effectively manage your health or the health of your loved ones.