Shortness of breath in infants and children – causes, symptoms, treatment and management

Shortness of breath in children can be terrifying for both parents and the little patients themselves.

This is a condition that requires immediate attention and appropriate treatment. In this article, we will discuss what shortness of breath in infants and children is, what its causes may be, what its symptoms are, and what are the recommended methods of treatment and management in the event of its occurrence.

Shortness of breath in infants and children – what is it?

Dyspnea in infants and children is a condition in which a child has difficulty breathing. This may manifest itself as rapid or difficult breathing, wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and even cyanosis (blueness of the skin).

Shortness of breath in a child – what can cause it?

The causes of shortness of breath in infants and children can be various. They may result from problems of the respiratory system as well as other organs. The most common causes of shortness of breath in children are:

• Respiratory infections such as bronchitis, pneumonia, or flu.
• Allergies, including asthma, which may be caused by allergens such as pollen, dust mites or animals.
• A foreign body in the respiratory tract, which may be particularly dangerous in small children.
• Inflammation of the larynx, which may lead to narrowing of the airways.
• Heart disorders.
• Gastroesophageal reflux.
• Stress or panic.

It is worth noting that shortness of breath in children may also be caused by several coexisting factors.

Symptoms of shortness of breath in children – how to recognize them?

Diagnosing shortness of breath in a child can be difficult because symptoms can vary depending on the cause and severity. Some of the common symptoms of shortness of breath in children include:

• Fast or difficult breathing.
• Wheezing or breath sounds.
• Cough.
• Spasms of the respiratory muscles, especially visible around the ribs.
• Constantly trying to increase the amount of air by taking deeper breaths.
• Paleness or cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes.
• Agitation and anxiety.

If you notice any of these symptoms in your child, consult your doctor immediately.

Treatment of shortness of breath in a child

Treatment of shortness of breath in children depends on the cause and severity of symptoms. In case of acute shortness of breath, especially if the child has difficulty breathing, it is necessary to go to a hospital or clinic immediately. There, the doctor will take appropriate actions, such as administering oxygen therapy, bronchodilators, or possibly intubation if there is a risk of stopping breathing.

If shortness of breath is the result of an infection or allergy, your doctor may prescribe antihistamines, steroids, or antibiotics, depending on the diagnosis.

If shortness of breath is caused by a foreign body in the airway, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the body and restore normal airflow.

Treatment in the event of shortness of breath in a child

If your child experiences shortness of breath, always act quickly and consult a doctor. It is also worth remembering a few basic rules of conduct:

• Reassure your baby and try to keep him or her in a calm position.
• Stay calm and don’t panic.
• If your baby has trouble breathing, do not try to give him or her food or drink as this may increase the risk of choking.
• If the baby stops breathing, start CPR immediately if you are trained to do so.

Your suggestions

Please remember that the above information is not a substitute for medical advice. If you have any doubts about your child’s health, always consult your doctor. Regular pediatric check-ups can help detect possible respiratory problems in your child at an early stage.

Recommended articles

If you are interested in more information about children’s health, we also recommend reading articles on asthma in children, bronchitis and respiratory hygiene in the fall and winter.