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Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is one of the most serious health problems worldwide. It negatively affects the heart, blood vessels and many other organs, so it is important to understand what hypertension is, its types, causes and symptoms, as well as how to effectively treat and prevent it.
Arterial hypertension – what is it?
Arterial hypertension, commonly called high blood pressure, is a condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is higher than normal. This norm is usually 120/80 mmHg, where the first number indicates systolic (systolic) pressure and the second – diastolic (diastolic) pressure. In the case of hypertension, these values are higher, which increases the risk of various health complications.
Types of hypertension
There are different types of hypertension, the most important of which are:
- Primary (or essential) hypertension: This is the most common form of hypertension and has no clear cause. It usually occurs in adults.
- Secondary hypertension: It is the result of other conditions, such as kidney disease, hormonal or other health problems.
Hypertension – causes
The causes of hypertension can be various, but the most important ones are:
- Excessive salt consumption in the diet
- Lack of physical activity
- Obesity
- Heredity
- Stress
- Smoking
- High alcohol consumption
Hypertension and pregnancy
Pregnancy can be an especially risky time for women in terms of high blood pressure. There is something called gestational hypertension, which can be dangerous for both mother and baby. Monitoring blood pressure is therefore extremely important during pregnancy.
Hypertension and stress
Stress is one of the risk factors for developing hypertension. Constant exposure to stress can raise your blood pressure and negatively impact your overall health. That’s why it’s important to learn stress management techniques to prevent high blood pressure.
Hypertension in children
Although hypertension more often affects adults, unfortunately it is also diagnosed more and more often in children. The reasons for this may be related to diet, lack of physical activity and genetics.
Symptoms of hypertension
Hypertension is often called the “silent killer” because it often shows no symptoms for a long time. However, some of the potential symptoms of hypertension include:
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Nausea
- Tiredness
- Vision problems
Diagnosis of hypertension
The diagnosis of hypertension is based on regular blood pressure measurements. If the values are higher than the norm, it is necessary to consult a doctor who may order additional tests to assess your health condition.
Treating hypertension – how to lower blood pressure?
Treating high blood pressure may involve several different methods, depending on the severity of the pressure and the patient’s overall health. The most commonly used treatment methods are:
- Low-sodium foods
- Physical activity
- Antihypertensive drugs
- Reducing stress
The most important recommendations for hypertension
People with hypertension should follow several key recommendations to help control their blood pressure and reduce the risk of complications. Avoid excessive salt in your diet, limit alcohol intake, and follow your doctor’s recommendations regarding medications.
Hypertension – development year and complications
If left uncontrolled and treated, high blood pressure can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney failure and blood vessel damage. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor and conduct appropriate therapy.
How to prevent hypertension?
Prevention is key in the fight against hypertension. To prevent its development, it is worth:
- Measure your blood pressure regularly
- Maintain a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Avoid excessive alcohol consumption
- Get enough sleep
- Learn to deal with stress
Your suggestions
If you have high blood pressure or are experiencing symptoms, do not delay visiting your doctor. Regular checkups are crucial to maintaining the health of your heart and blood vessels.
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