Physical Address
304 North Cardinal St.
Dorchester Center, MA 02124
Arterial hypertension, commonly called high blood pressure, is one of the most serious health problems in the world. Although it may seem trivial, it can lead to serious complications such as heart attack, stroke, kidney failure and many others. In this article we will learn what hypertension is, what are its types, causes, symptoms and effects, as well as how it can be treated and prevented.
Arterial hypertension – what is it?
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is higher than considered normal. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) and consists of two values: systolic (upper) and diastolic (lower) pressure. Normal blood pressure is usually around 120/80 mm Hg.
Types of hypertension
There are different types of hypertension, including:
- Primary (idiopathic) hypertension – the exact causes are unknown, but genetics, lifestyle and diet may play a role.
- Secondary hypertension – results from other diseases, such as kidney, thyroid, adrenal gland diseases or taking certain medications.
- Proteinaceous hypertension – occurs in pregnant women and may lead to complications for both the mother and the child.
Hypertension – causes
The causes of hypertension are diverse and often complex. The most important risk factors for hypertension are:
- Excessive salt consumption
- Obesity
- Lack of physical activity
- Smoking
- Alcohol abuse
- Heredity
- Stress
Hypertension and pregnancy
Pregnancy is a particularly important time for the health of a woman and her child. Hypertension in pregnancy, also called gestational hypertension, can be dangerous. It manifests itself as an increase in blood pressure and may lead to complications such as premature birth or delayed fetal growth.
Hypertension and stress
Stress is often mentioned as a risk factor for hypertension. Constant tension and stress can affect our heart and circulatory system, causing an increase in blood pressure. Therefore, it is worth finding ways to deal with stress, such as meditation, yoga or psychological therapy.
Hypertension in children
Although hypertension is more commonly diagnosed in adults, it can also occur in children. The most important risk factors in children are obesity, genetics and an unhealthy lifestyle. Early diagnosis and control of blood pressure are key to preventing future complications.
Symptoms of hypertension
Hypertension is often referred to as a “silent killer” because it may not cause any symptoms for many years. However, in the advanced stage, symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, shortness of breath, chest pain or visual disturbances may appear. Some of these symptoms may indicate serious complications and require immediate medical attention.
Diagnosis of hypertension
The diagnosis of hypertension is based on regular measurement of blood pressure. If your test results are above normal, your doctor may order additional tests, such as a urine test or blood test, to check for possible complications.
Treating hypertension – how to lower blood pressure?
Treatment for high blood pressure usually involves lifestyle changes and medications. It is important to adjust your diet, limit salt, increase physical activity and stop smoking. In addition, your doctor may prescribe blood pressure-lowering medications that you need to take regularly. Regular check-ups with your doctor are key to monitoring the effectiveness of your treatment.
The most important recommendations for hypertension
Here are some key recommendations that can help you control hypertension:
- Regular blood pressure measurement
- Taking care of a proper diet
- Physical activity
- Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption
- Stress management
Hypertension – prognosis and complications
Hypertension, if not effectively controlled, can lead to serious complications such as:
- Myocardial infarction
- Stroke
- Kidney failure
- Heart diseases
- Problems with the circulatory system
That is why systematic treatment and control of hypertension is so important.
How to prevent hypertension?
Prevention of hypertension is crucial to maintaining the health of the heart and circulatory system. Here are some ways you can prevent high blood pressure:
- A healthy diet rich in vegetables, fruits and whole grains
- Salt restriction
- Physical activity
- Avoiding smoking and alcohol abuse
- Stress management
- Regular check-ups with a doctor
Your suggestions
If you have high blood pressure, it is important to consult your doctor and adjust your life to medical recommendations. The support of family and loved ones who can help maintain a healthy lifestyle is also important.
Recommended articles
If you want to learn more about hypertension, we recommend reading the following articles:
- “What are the effects of hypertension on the body?”
- “DASH diet – a way to lower blood pressure”
- “Is hypertension hereditary?”
Remember that in case of any health problems related to hypertension, it is always worth consulting a specialist who will select appropriate treatment and provide professional advice.
Let’s take care of our heart and health – controlling hypertension can save your life!