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Cervical dysplasia, also known as CIN (Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia), is a disease that can affect women of all ages.It is a precancerous condition that affects the cervical epithelium.In this article, we will discuss what cervical dysplasia is, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis methods and effective treatments, including aspects related to pregnancy.Understanding this problem can help with early detection and effective treatment.
Cervical dysplasia – what is it?
Cervical dysplasia is a condition in which the epithelial cells of the cervix change abnormally.It is the result of cell DNA damage, which leads to uncontrolled cell division and the formation of tissues with an abnormal structure.Although cervical dysplasia is a precancerous condition, it does not automatically mean cervical cancer will occur.However, improper treatment or lack of intervention can lead to the development of cancer.
Cervical dysplasia – causes
The most important cause of cervical dysplasia is infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV).HPV is the most common factor causing this disease.Other risk factors include smoking, a weakened immune system, long-term use of oral contraceptives, and early sexual intercourse.It is worth remembering that many cases of cervical dysplasia have no clear cause.
Cervical dysplasia – symptoms
In most cases of cervical dysplasia, there are no visible symptoms.The disease is often asymptomatic and can only be detected during routine cytological tests (Pap test).However, in advanced cases, women may experience abnormal bleeding after intercourse or between periods, pain in the pelvic area, pain during intercourse, and abnormal vaginal discharge.
Cervical dysplasia – diagnosis
Diagnosis of cervical dysplasia is mainly based on cytological tests, such as the Pap test.If any abnormalities are detected, it may be necessary to perform colposcopy, i.e. examination of the cervix using a specialized instrument.In some cases, a biopsy may also be recommended to confirm the diagnosis and determine the stage of the disease (CIN I, CIN II, CIN III).
Cervical dysplasia – treatment
Treatment of cervical dysplasia depends on the stage of the disease.In case of mild dysplasia (CIN I), observation and regular check-ups are often recommended.In more advanced cases (CIN II, CIN III), treatment may be necessary.The most commonly used treatment methods are:
- Ablative procedures – removal of abnormal tissue using lasers or high-frequency current.
- Surgical procedures – removal of altered cervical tissue, such as conization or partial hysterectomy.
- Cryotherapy – freezing abnormal tissue using cold gas or liquid.
Treatment can be effective, but it can also carry the risk of complications such as shortening of the cervix, which may make future pregnancy and childbirth more difficult.
Cervical dysplasia – pregnant women
Pregnant women diagnosed with cervical dysplasia require special care.Treatment in this case may be more complex to minimize the risk of affecting the developing baby.The decision on treatment is made individually, taking into account the stage of the disease and the state of pregnancy.Monitoring and regular check-ups may be necessary, and treatment may be carried out after delivery.
Your suggestions
If you have any doubts about cervical dysplasia, you should always consult your gynecologist.Regular cytological tests are crucial for early detection of changes and effective treatment.Following your doctor’s recommendations and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including avoiding smoking and using appropriate protection against HPV, may help reduce the risk of cervical dysplasia.
Recommended articles
If you want to learn more about women’s health, disease prevention or ways to maintain a healthy lifestyle, we recommend reading our other articles on gynecology and reproductive health.It is worth investing in your health and taking regular care of your body to enjoy a long and healthy life.