Diabetes – causes, symptoms, types, diagnosis and treatment

Diabetes mellitus, commonly called “diabetes mellitus”, is a chronic metabolic disease that affects the way the body processes glucose (sugar).

It is a condition that can have serious health consequences if not properly controlled. In this article, we will discuss what exactly diabetes is, its causes, symptoms, types, how it is diagnosed and what treatment methods are available. You will also learn about the complications of diabetes and nutritional recommendations for this disease.

What is diabetes? what kind of illness is that?

Diabetes is a condition in which the body is unable to properly regulate blood glucose levels. Glucose is necessary to provide energy to the cells of our body. A hormone called insulin, produced by the pancreas, plays a key role in regulating glucose levels. In diabetes, there is a disruption in the production or action of insulin, which leads to elevated blood sugar levels.

Types of diabetes

There are several main types of diabetes, the most common of which are:

1. Type 1 diabetes: In this type of disease, the immune system attacks the pancreatic cells responsible for producing insulin. People with type 1 diabetes need to administer insulin regularly.
2. Type 2 diabetes: This is the most common type of diabetes and usually develops in adults, but can occur in children and adolescents. The body produces insulin, but the cells become resistant to its action.
3. Gestational diabetes: Occurs in some women during pregnancy and may disappear after delivery, but increases the risk of type 2 diabetes in the future.

Causes of diabetes

The causes of diabetes can be diverse and depend on the type of disease. For type 1 diabetes, the main cause is autoimmune damage to pancreatic cells. However, type 2 diabetes is often associated with overweight, improper diet, lack of physical activity and genetic factors. Gestational diabetes is usually the result of hormonal changes in a pregnant woman’s body.

Diabetes – first symptoms

The first symptoms of diabetes may vary, but it is worth paying attention to symptoms such as:

• Excessive thirst
• Frequent urination
• Sudden weight loss
• Tiredness
• Increased susceptibility to infections

If you are experiencing these symptoms, you need to consult a doctor for accurate diagnosis.

Skin changes in diabetes

Diabetes can affect skin health, causing problems such as dry and itchy skin, delayed wound healing, and ulcers. Therefore, people with diabetes should take special care of skin hygiene and regularly check their skin condition.

Diagnosis of diabetes

Diagnosis of diabetes is based on blood glucose tests. These tests may include a fasting test, a glucose tolerance test, and a hemoglobin A1c test, which shows your average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months.

Treatment of diabetes

Treatment of diabetes depends on its type. People with type 1 diabetes must administer insulin, while in type 2 diabetes, treatment may include lifestyle changes, diet, exercise, and antidiabetic medications or insulin in advanced cases.

Complications in diabetes

Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to many complications such as kidney damage, heart problems, vision problems, foot ulcers and even amputations. That is why it is so important to regularly monitor blood sugar levels and appropriate treatment.

Nutrition in diabetes

Proper diet is key to managing diabetes. People with diabetes should control their carbohydrate intake, avoid simple sugars, ensure an adequate amount of fiber in their diet and control the amount of fat they consume. Eating regularly and monitoring your blood sugar levels are also important.

Your suggestions

If you have diabetes or are wondering about your risk of developing it, consult your doctor. Together, you will be able to develop a diabetes treatment and management plan that best suits your needs.

Recommended articles

If you want to learn more about diabetes, we recommend reading the following articles:

• “Type 1 vs. type 2 diabetes – differences and similarities”
• “How to avoid diabetes complications”
• “Diet for people with diabetes – rules and menu”

Diabetes is a serious disease, but proper treatment and management can significantly improve the quality of life of people struggling with it. It is worth being aware of its symptoms, causes and effects and consulting a doctor if you have any doubts.