Pulmonary emphysema – treatment and complications

Emphysema is a chronic disease characterized by damage to lung tissue and difficulty breathing out.In this article, we will discuss various aspects of emphysema, including its complications, diagnosis, treatment methods, physiotherapy, surgical treatment options, and factors that improve the health of patients.

Complications of emphysema

Pulmonary emphysema can lead to various complications that significantly affect the quality of life of patients.The most common complications include:

• Respiratory infections: Patients with emphysema are more susceptible to respiratory infections, which can lead to frequent lung and bronchial infections.
• Respiratory failure: In advanced cases of emphysema, respiratory failure may occur, requiring respiratory support with a ventilator.
• Heart disorders: Long-term respiratory failure can affect heart function, leading to heart disease.
• Atelectasis: This is a condition in which the air sacs in the lungs collapse, which can lead to permanent damage to lung tissue.

Pulmonary emphysema diagnosis

Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment of emphysema.The most important diagnostic methods include:

• Spirometry tests: Spirometry tests assess lung capacity and air flow, which helps in the diagnosis of emphysema.
• Chest computed tomography: CT imaging allows you to accurately assess lung structures and detect possible damage.
• Blood tests: Testing the level of gases in the blood can provide information about the degree of respiratory distress.

Treatment and physiotherapy for emphysema

Treatment for emphysema aims to alleviate symptoms and improve patients’ quality of life.It includes:

• Bronchodilators: Medicines are prescribed to help widen the bronchial tubes and make breathing easier.
• Respiratory physiotherapy: Specialized breathing exercises help strengthen the respiratory muscles and improve lung ventilation.
• Lifestyle changes: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for emphysema, so it is important to quit.Regular physical activity and a healthy diet are also important.

Surgical treatment of pulmonary emphysema

In some cases of advanced emphysema, surgical treatment may be necessary.The most commonly used procedures include:

• Lobectomy: Removing the damaged part of the lung can improve the patient’s ventilation and quality of life.
• Lung transplant: In extreme cases, when other methods fail, lung transplantation is considered.

Factors that improve the health of a patient with emphysema

It is important for patients with emphysema to take measures to improve their health.Here are some factors that may help:

• Quit smoking: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for emphysema, so quitting is crucial.
• Physical activity: Regular physical activity can improve fitness and respiratory capacity.
• Healthy diet: A proper diet can support the healing process and improve the overall condition of the body.

Your suggestions

If you have emphysema, it is important that you consult your doctor regularly and follow treatment recommendations.You should always report any changes in your health to your specialist.

Recommended articles

If you want to learn more about emphysema, we recommend you read the following articles:

• “Pulmonary emphysema – causes and symptoms”
• “How to deal with emphysema – advice for patients”
• “Novelties in the treatment of emphysema – future prospects”

Remember that emphysema is a serious disease, but appropriate treatment and lifestyle changes can significantly improve patients’ quality of life and control its progression.