Tumor markers – examination, norms and interpretation of results

Tumor marker tests are an important tool in the diagnosis of cancer. In this article, we will discuss what tumor markers are, the types of tests available, normal results, and what to do when tumor markers are elevated.

What are tumor markers?

Tumor markers are substances or molecules present in the body that may indicate the presence of cancer. These may be proteins, enzymes, hormones or other substances that are produced by cancer cells or the body in response to the presence of cancer.

Types of tumor markers

There are many different types of tumor markers associated with different types of cancer. Examples include PSA (prostate-specific antigen) for prostate cancer, CA-125 for ovarian cancer, and CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) for colon cancer.

Does a positive tumor marker test result mean cancer?

A positive tumor marker test result does not always mean the presence of cancer. Many factors can influence the results, such as the patient’s health condition, infections, inflammations and other diseases. Therefore, a positive result for tumor markers always requires further diagnostics, including imaging tests and biopsies, to confirm the presence of cancer.

What does a tumor marker test look like and how should you prepare for it?

Testing for tumor markers involves taking a blood sample from the patient. Preparation for this test usually does not require any special measures. However, it is worth avoiding physical exercise and eating meals just before the test, as it may affect the results. It is also important to let your doctor know what medications you are taking because some medications can affect tumor marker results.

Tumor markers – price/reimbursement and referral

The price of tumor marker testing may vary and depends on the type of test and the place where it is performed. Some tests are reimbursed by the National Health Fund, but not always. Having a referral from a doctor may also be a requirement in some cases.

Your suggestions

If you have any doubts about your health or are concerned about the risk of cancer, it is always worth consulting your doctor. Your doctor may order appropriate tests, including tumor markers, if deemed necessary. Do not delay visiting a specialist, because early diagnosis of cancer may increase the chances of effective treatment.

Recommended articles

If you want to learn more about tumor marker testing, we recommend reading articles on this topic available on the websites of organizations fighting cancer and on the websites of specialized medical facilities.

It is also worth talking to your doctor and asking about any doubts related to tumor marker tests and the interpretation of the results. Health is the most important thing, so you should not ignore any symptoms or neglect preventive tests.

If cancer is detected, it is important to start treatment quickly and receive support from specialists and loved ones. Modern therapy methods allow for an increasingly effective fight against cancer, and early diagnosis may be the key to success.