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Type 1 diabetes is one of the most serious metabolic diseases that affects an increasing number of people around the world. In this article, we will discuss what type 1 diabetes is, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and effective treatments. In addition, you will learn how type 1 diabetes affects pregnancy and what nutritional recommendations should be followed in the case of this disease.
Type 1 diabetes – what is it?
Type 1 diabetes, also called juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune disease that involves the destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas, responsible for the production of insulin. Insulin is a hormone that allows glucose to move from the blood into the body’s cells, where it is used as an energy source. Due to lack of insulin, blood glucose levels rise, leading to serious health complications.
Type 1 diabetes – causes
The causes of type 1 diabetes are mainly genetic and immunological. The disease can be inherited, but does not always occur in all family members. There is also a theory that viral infections can trigger an autoimmune reaction leading to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
Type 1 diabetes – symptoms
The symptoms of type 1 diabetes may be mild at first, but become more noticeable as the disease progresses. The most common symptoms are:
- Increased thirst
- Frequent urination
- Weight loss
- Tiredness
- Blurred vision
- Slow healing wounds
Type 1 diabetes diagnosis
Diagnosing type 1 diabetes involves blood tests that measure glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels. Additionally, anti-pancreatic antibody tests are performed, which may confirm the presence of an autoimmune process of destruction of the pancreas.
Treatment of type 1 diabetes
Treatment of type 1 diabetes involves supplying the body with the missing insulin. People with this disease must regularly administer insulin using injections or insulin pumps. Controlling blood glucose levels, proper diet and regular physical activity are also key to managing type 1 diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes and pregnancy
Pregnancy with type 1 diabetes requires special attention and strict control of glucose levels. High levels of glucose in the mother’s blood can lead to complications in the baby, such as excessive growth of the fetus or congenital heart defects. Therefore, women with type 1 diabetes should regularly monitor their glucose levels and adjust their insulin dose during pregnancy.
Nutrition in type 1 diabetes
Nutrition plays a key role in managing type 1 diabetes. People with this disease should avoid products with a high glycemic index and limit the intake of simple carbohydrates. Regular meals at fixed times of the day are recommended to help maintain stable blood glucose levels.
Your suggestions
If you have type 1 diabetes or are a caregiver of someone with the condition, it is important to consult your doctor and diabetes specialist regularly. Understanding your disease and following medical recommendations can significantly improve your quality of life and prevent complications.
Recommended articles
Please check out our other articles on diabetes for more information on managing the disease, modern treatments and beneficial eating habits.
It is worth remembering that type 1 diabetes is a disease that requires constant care and self-discipline, but with appropriate treatment and medical support, you can lead a full and active life, minimizing the risk of complications.