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Anaphylaxis, also called anaphylactic shock, is a sudden and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that may occur after exposure to an allergen. This is a condition that requires immediate medical attention because it can lead to hypoxia, laryngeal edema and other serious consequences. In this article, we will discuss what anaphylaxis is, what can cause it, how to prevent it, and how to provide first aid to someone experiencing this severe allergic reaction.
What is anaphylaxis?
Anaphylaxis is an immediate allergic reaction that affects the entire body. This reaction releases chemicals such as histamine that cause muscle spasms, narrowing of the airways, drop in blood pressure and tissue swelling. Symptoms of anaphylaxis may occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to the allergen and include:
- Sudden difficulty breathing
- Swelling of the face, lips and tongue
- Itching and redness of the skin
- Vomiting and diarrhea
- Fainting and loss of consciousness
If immediate help is not given, anaphylaxis may lead to respiratory arrest and death. Therefore, it is crucial to react quickly if anaphylaxis is suspected.
What can cause it?
Anaphylaxis can be caused by various allergens, the most common of which are:
- Swooping insects such as bees and wasps
- Certain medicines, including penicillin and aspirin
- Food, especially nuts, fish, milk and eggs
- Latex
- A combination of several factors, called “protein anaphylaxis” (the incidence is increased in people allergic to food allergens)
It is worth noting that not every person allergic to these allergens will experience anaphylaxis. An anaphylactic reaction can be difficult to predict, so it is important to be aware of the risks and act carefully, especially if there is a known allergy.
How to prevent anaphylaxis?
Although anaphylaxis cannot be completely avoided in allergic people, there are steps you can take to minimize the risk:
- Avoiding allergens – Allergic people should avoid contact with allergens whenever possible. If there is a risk of exposure, it is always a good idea to carry antihistamines or adrenaline medications (under medical supervision).
- Allergy awareness – Allergic people and their caregivers should be aware of their allergies and what medications or medical interventions are necessary in the event of anaphylaxis.
- Action Plan – Developing an anaphylaxis management plan with your doctor can greatly help you respond quickly.
What to do if someone experiences anaphylaxis?
If you suspect someone is experiencing anaphylaxis, take the following steps immediately:
- Call the emergency number – Immediately call an ambulance and advise that the person may be anaphylactic.
- Administer anti-seizure medication – If the person has anti-seizure medication, usually in the form of adrenaline (e.g., EpiPen), administer it as directed or according to a management plan developed with the doctor.
- Positioning the person – If the person has passed out or is having difficulty breathing, place the person lying on their back with their legs elevated to improve blood flow to the brain.
- Monitoring – Closely monitor the person’s condition until medical help arrives and inform emergency responders of any changes.
Your suggestions
If you are allergic or have a loved one who is allergic, it is always worth being prepared for a possible anaphylactic reaction. Consult your doctor for specific tips on preventing and managing anaphylaxis. Also remember that education about allergies and anaphylaxis is crucial to stay safe.
Recommended articles
If you want to learn more about anaphylaxis and allergic reactions, we recommend reading the following articles:
- “Food allergies: causes, symptoms and treatment”
- “How to avoid insect bites and allergic reactions”
- “EpiPen: how it works and how to use it in case of anaphylaxis”
Remember that in the case of anaphylaxis, time is of the essence, so it is worth being prepared and knowing how to provide first aid in a life-threatening situation.